硼酸的理論組成是氧化硼和水，它是一種白色晶體，可以制成顆粒或粉末。這兩種形式在一般條件下都是穩定的，有流動性，可以很容易地用氣流或機械輸送，溶液呈微酸性。生產硼酸的方法按處理方式的不同可分為一步法和兩步法。下面跟隨小編一起了解下：

The theoretical composition of boric acid is boron oxide and water. It is a white crystal and can be made into particles or powders. These two forms are stable under general conditions, have fluidity, can be easily transported by air or machinery, and the solution is slightly acidic. The methods of producing boric acid can be divided into one-step and two-step according to different treatment methods. Let's follow Xiaobian to understand:

一步法是以無機酸直接處理含硼礦物制備硼酸的工藝方法，其中包括硫酸法、鹽酸法、硝酸法等。目前，我國硼酸工業以硫酸法為主，其它方法應用不多。

One step process is a process for preparing boric acid by directly treating boron bearing minerals with inorganic acid, including sulfuric acid method, hydrochloric acid method, nitric acid method, etc. At present, China's boric acid industry is mainly based on sulfuric acid method, and other methods are rarely used.

兩步法是以硫酸、鹽酸、硝酸處理工業硼砂（十水硼砂或五水硼砂）制備硼酸的方法，其中硫酸法是我國采用較早的生產工藝。近年來，以硝酸處理十水硼砂和五水硼砂生產硼酸，聯產硝酸鈉的硝酸法工藝發展迅速，已成為我國兩步法硼酸重要的工藝方法。

The two-step method is a method to prepare boric acid by treating industrial borax (borax decahydrate or borax pentahydrate) with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The sulfuric acid method is an earlier production process in China. In recent years, the nitric acid process of treating borax decahydrate and borax pentahydrate with nitric acid to produce boric acid and co producing sodium nitrate has developed rapidly, and has become an important two-step boric acid process in China.

以硫酸為分解劑處理含硼礦物的一步法工藝，其優點在于工藝成熟、流程簡單、設備投資少、操作容易。因此，長期以來一直受到人們的重視。但也存在對品位要求較高，不適于處理低品位硼礦。

The one-step process of treating boron bearing minerals with sulfuric acid as decomposition agent has the advantages of mature process, simple process, less equipment investment and easy operation. Therefore, people have been paying attention to it for a long time. However, there are also some problems that require high grade and are not suitable for processing low-grade boron ore.

設備腐蝕嚴重；在產品質量的控制方面局限性較大，硼收率低。缺少可靠的母液利用途徑，對環境影響較大等不足。其中收率、質量和母液的綜合利用是該工藝需要解決的三大課題。

Serious equipment corrosion; It has great limitations in product quality control and low boron yield. Lack of reliable utilization of mother liquor and great impact on the environment. The yield, quality and comprehensive utilization of mother liquor are the three major issues to be solved in this process.

當然要密閉保存。硼酸曾被其的人當作控制蟑螂、白蟻、火蟻、跳蚤、蠹魚和其他害蟲的殺蟲劑，硼酸會影響它們的新陳代謝和腐蝕掉它們的外骨骼。它可以做成含有引誘劑（砂糖等）的餌殺死昆蟲，直接用干燥的硼酸也有同樣的效果。

Of course, keep it sealed. Boric acid was once used by people in the country as an insecticide to control cockroaches, termites, fire ants, fleas, bark beetles and other pests. Boric acid will affect their metabolism and corrode their exoskeletons. It can be made into baits containing attractants (sugar, etc.) to kill insects. Direct use of dry boric acid has the same effect.

硼酸的用途也很多，例如，在玻纖生產中經可降低熔融溫度從而有助于拉絲。一般來講，B2O3可以降低粘度、控制熱膨脹、阻止失透、提高化學穩定性、提高抗機械沖擊和熱沖擊能力。在要求鈉含量較低的玻璃生產中硼酸常常與鈉硼酸鹽（如五水硼砂或無水硼砂）混合使用以調節玻璃中的鈉硼比。

Boric acid is also used for many purposes. For example, in the production of glass fiber, it can reduce the melting temperature to facilitate drawing. In general, B2O3 can reduce viscosity, control thermal expansion, prevent devitrification, improve chemical stability, and improve mechanical and thermal shock resistance. Boric acid is often mixed with sodium borates (such as borax pentahydrate or anhydrous borax) to adjust the ratio of sodium to boron in glass production requiring low sodium content.

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