硫酸鈉是硫酸根與鈉離子化合生成的鹽，屬于無機(jī)化合物，外形為無色、透明、大的結(jié)晶或顆粒性小結(jié)晶，主要用于制造水玻璃、玻璃、瓷釉、紙漿、致冷混合劑、洗濯?jiǎng)?、枯燥劑、染料稀釋劑、剖析化學(xué)試劑、醫(yī)藥品、飼料等，在有機(jī)合成實(shí)驗(yàn)室硫酸鈉是一種為常用的后處置枯燥劑。既然硫酸鈉的用處這么廣，那它的制備辦法是什么呢？下面就給大家分享一下，一同來看看吧！

　　Sodium sulfate is a salt formed by the ionization of sulfate radical with sodium, which belongs to inorganic compound. Its shape is colorless, transparent, large crystals or small granular crystals. It is mainly used in the manufacture of sodium silicate, glass, enamel, pulp, refrigerant mixtures, detergents, drying agents, dye diluents, analytical chemicals, pharmaceuticals and feedstuffs. Sodium sulfate is the most commonly used Post-disposal drying agent in organic synthesis laboratory. Since sodium sulfate is so widely used, what is its preparation method? Now Hengyi Chemicals will share it with you, let's take a look at it together.

　　1、灘田法

　　1. Tantian Method

　　應(yīng)用自然界不同時(shí)節(jié)溫度變化使原料液中的水分蒸發(fā)，將粗芒硝結(jié)晶出來。夏季將含有氯化鈉、硫酸鈉、硫酸鎂、氯化鎂等成分的咸水灌入灘田，經(jīng)日曬蒸發(fā)，冬季析出粗芒硝。此法是從自然資源中提出芒硝的主要辦法，工藝簡(jiǎn)單，能耗低，但作業(yè)條件差，產(chǎn)品中易混入泥砂等雜質(zhì)。

　　The crude mirabilite was crystallized by evaporating the water in the raw liquor with the change of temperature at different time in nature. Saline water containing sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride was irrigated into beach fields in summer, evaporated in the sun, and coarse mirabilite was precipitated in winter. This method is the main way to put forward mirabilite from natural resources. It has simple process, low energy consumption, but poor operating conditions and easy to mix with impurities such as mud and sand in products.

　　2、機(jī)械冷凍法

　　2. Mechanical refrigeration

　　應(yīng)用機(jī)械設(shè)備將原料液加熱蒸發(fā)后冷凍-5～-10℃時(shí)析出芒硝。與灘田法比擬,此法不受時(shí)節(jié)和自然條件的影響。產(chǎn)質(zhì)量量好，但能耗高。

　　The raw material liquid is heated and evaporated by mechanical equipment, and then frozen to - 5 ~10 ~C to precipitate mirabilite. Compared with the beach method, this method is not affected by time and natural conditions. The output and quality are good, but the energy consumption is high.

　　3、鹽湖綜合應(yīng)用法

　　3. Comprehensive application of salt lakes

　　主要用于含有多種組分的硫酸鹽-碳酸鹽型咸水。在提取各種有用組分的同時(shí)，將粗芒硝別離出來。例如加工含碳酸鈉、硫酸鈉、氯化鈉、硼化物及鉀、溴、鋰的鹽湖水，可先碳化鹽湖鹵水，使碳酸鈉轉(zhuǎn)化成碳酸氫鈉結(jié)晶出來；冷卻母液5～15℃,使硼砂結(jié)晶出來;別離硼砂后的二次母液冷凍0～5℃,析出芒硝。

　　It is mainly used in sulfate-carbonate saltwater containing various components. The crude mirabilite was separated while extracting various useful components. For example, when processing salt lake water containing sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, boride and potassium, bromine and lithium, sodium carbonate can be converted into sodium bicarbonate to crystallize; the mother liquor can be cooled to 5-15 degrees C to crystallize borax; the secondary mother liquor after separation from borax can be frozen to 0-5 degrees C to precipitate mirabilite.

　　4、其他方法

　　4. Other methods

　　可由硫酸和氫氧化鈉反應(yīng)制得。H2SO4+ 2NaOH→Na2SO4+ 2H2O。由天然產(chǎn)物萃取也可制得。

　　It can be prepared by the reaction of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O. It can also be extracted from natural products.

　　還可用碳酸氫鈉和硫酸反應(yīng)制備：2NaHCO3+H2SO4→Na2SO4+2H2O+2CO2↑。

　　It can also be prepared by reaction of sodium bicarbonate with sulfuric acid: 2NaHCO 3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H 2 + 2CO 2.

　　在實(shí)驗(yàn)室可用氯化鈉固體和濃硫酸在加熱條件下制取硫酸鈉。2NaCl+H2SO4→2HCl↑+Na2SO4

　　Sodium sulfate can be prepared in laboratory by using sodium chloride solid and concentrated sulfuric acid under heating conditions. 2NaCl+H2SO4_2HCl_+Na2SO4

　　或用氫氧化鈉與硫酸銅反應(yīng)制備：2NaOH+CuSO4=====Na2SO4+Cu(OH)2↓

　　Or the reaction of sodium hydroxide with copper sulfate to prepare: 2NaOH+CuSO4=========Na2SO4+Cu(OH)2_

　　在家庭中可用碳酸鈉或碳酸氫鈉與硫酸銅反應(yīng)制得：

　　Sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate can be prepared by reacting with copper sulfate in the family.

　　2CuSO4+2Na2CO3+H2O=Cu2(OH)2CO3 ↓+ 2Na2SO4 +CO2↑

　　2CuSO4+2Na2CO3+H2O=Cu2(OH)2CO3+2Na2SO4+CO2_

　　4NaHCO3+2CuSO4=Cu2(OH)2CO3↓+2Na2SO4+3CO2↑+H2O

　　4NaHCO3+2CuSO4=Cu2(OH)2CO3+2Na2SO4+3CO2+H2O

　　可采用灘田法、機(jī)械冷凍法、鹽湖綜合法。灘田法和機(jī)械冷凍法適于加工以Na、Mg、Cl、SO42-為主要成分的海水型鹽水及其他各種芒硝礦。因低溫下硫酸鈉的溶解度急劇變小，根據(jù)水鹽體系相平衡關(guān)系可以從鹵水中分離出粗芒硝。

　　Beach field method, mechanical freezing method and salt lake comprehensive method can be used. Beach field method and mechanical freezing method are suitable for processing seawater brine with Na, Mg, Cl and SO42 - as main components and other mirabilite ores. Because the solubility of sodium sulfate decreases sharply at low temperature, coarse mirabilite can be separated from brine according to the phase equilibrium relationship of water-salt system.